# Exercise: Provisioning a Web Server on Azure

# Objective

Provision a web server on Azure using Terraform by following the Terraform workflow (plan, apply, destroy). This exercise will help participants understand how to define resources in a Terraform configuration, preview changes, apply the configuration, and optionally clean up resources.

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# Steps

# Step 1: Define an Azure Virtual Machine in the main.tf File

1. Create a New Directory for the Project:

   • Open a terminal or command prompt.
   • Create a directory for the project and navigate into it:

     mkdir web-server-project
     cd web-server-project

2. Create a main.tf File:

   • Open your preferred code editor (e.g., VS Code or IntelliJ).
   • Inside the web-server-project directory, create a file named main.tf.

3. Add the Azure Provider Configuration:

   • In main.tf, add the following code to configure the Azure provider:

     provider "azurerm" {
       features {}
     }

4. Define the Azure Resource Group:

   • Add a resource block for the Resource Group:

     resource "azurerm_resource_group" "example" {
       name     = "webserver-rg"
       location = "East US"
     }

5. Define the Virtual Network and Subnet:

   • Add a resource block for a Virtual Network and a Subnet:

     resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "example" {
       name                = "example-vnet"
       location            = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
       resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
       address_space       = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
     }
     
     resource "azurerm_subnet" "example" {
       name                 = "example-subnet"
       resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
       virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.example.name
       address_prefixes     = ["10.0.1.0/24"]
     }

6. Define the Network Interface:

   • Add a resource block for a Network Interface that connects to the subnet:

     resource "azurerm_network_interface" "example" {
       name                = "example-nic"
       location            = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
       resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
       ip_configuration {
         name                          = "internal"
         subnet_id                     = azurerm_subnet.example.id
         private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
       }
     }

7. Define the Virtual Machine:

   • Add a resource block to create a Virtual Machine with the following configuration:

     resource "azurerm_virtual_machine" "example" {
       name                  = "example-vm"
       location              = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
       resource_group_name   = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
       network_interface_ids = [azurerm_network_interface.example.id]
       vm_size               = "Standard_DS1_v2"
     
       storage_image_reference {
         publisher = "Canonical"
         offer     = "UbuntuServer"
         sku       = "18.04-LTS"
         version   = "latest"
       }
     
       storage_os_disk {
         name              = "example-osdisk"
         caching           = "ReadWrite"
         create_option     = "FromImage"
         managed_disk_type = "Standard_LRS"
       }
     
       os_profile {
         computer_name  = "examplevm"
         admin_username = "adminuser"
         admin_password = "P@ssw0rd123!"
       }
     
       os_profile_linux_config {
         disable_password_authentication = false
       }
     }

   • This configuration defines a VM with:
     • VM Size: Standard_DS1_v2
     • Image: Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS
     • Admin Username: adminuser
     • Admin Password: P@ssw0rd123!

8. Save the main.tf File:

   • Save all changes in main.tf.

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# Step 2: Run terraform plan to Preview the Changes

1. Initialize the Project:

   • In the terminal, navigate to the project directory (if not already there) and run:

     terraform init

   • This will download the necessary provider plugins and prepare the project for deployment.

2. Run terraform plan:

   • Use the following command to preview the changes Terraform will make:

     terraform plan

   • The terraform plan command shows a detailed list of the resources that will be created, including the Resource Group, Virtual Network, Subnet, Network Interface, and Virtual Machine.

3. Review the Plan Output:

   • Verify that the plan output lists all the resources defined in main.tf with a + symbol, indicating that they will be created.

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# Step 3: Run terraform apply to Provision the Resources

1. Apply the Configuration:

   • Run the following command to provision the resources on Azure:

     terraform apply

   • When prompted, type yes to confirm the apply operation.

2. Review the Output:

   • After the apply completes, Terraform will display the resources created and their properties, such as VM ID, IP address, etc.

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# Step 4: Verify the VM in the Azure Portal

1. Log in to the Azure Portal:

   • Go to the Azure Portal.

2. Navigate to Resource Groups:

   • Locate the Resource Group named webserver-rg.

3. Verify the Virtual Machine:

   • Check that the VM named example-vm has been created with the specified configuration.
   • Confirm that the Virtual Network, Subnet, and Network Interface are also present.

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# Optional Step 5: Run terraform destroy to Clean Up Resources

1. Destroy the Resources:

   • To delete all resources created by this configuration, run:

     terraform destroy

   • Type yes when prompted to confirm the destroy operation.

2. Verify Resource Deletion in the Azure Portal:

   • After the destroy operation completes, refresh the Azure Portal and confirm that the resources (Resource Group, VM, etc.) have been removed.

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